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The SecOps Group CNSP Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Open-Source Intelligence Gathering (OSINT): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and discusses methods for collecting publicly available information on targets. It stresses the legal and ethical aspects of OSINT and its role in developing a thorough understanding of potential threats.

Topic 2

Linux and Windows Security Basics: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and compares foundational security practices across these two operating systems. It addresses file permissions, user account controls, and basic hardening techniques to reduce the attack surface.

Topic 3

Active Directory Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and introduces the fundamental concepts of directory services, highlighting potential security risks and the measures needed to protect identity and access management systems in a Windows environment.

Topic 4

Network Architectures, Mapping, and Target Identification: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and reviews different network designs, illustrating how to diagram and identify potential targets in a security context. It stresses the importance of accurate network mapping for efficient troubleshooting and defense.

Topic 5

This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and explains how to verify the security and performance of various services running on a network. It focuses on identifying weaknesses in configurations and protocols that could lead to unauthorized access or data leaks.

Topic 6

Testing Web Servers and Frameworks: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and examines how to assess the security of web technologies. It looks at configuration issues, known vulnerabilities, and the impact of unpatched frameworks on the overall security posture.

Topic 7

Password Storage: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and addresses safe handling of user credentials. It explains how hashing, salting, and secure storage methods can mitigate risks associated with password disclosure or theft.

Topic 8

TCP
IP (Protocols and Networking Basics): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers the fundamental principles of TCP
IP, explaining how data moves through different layers of the network. It emphasizes the roles of protocols in enabling communication between devices and sets the foundation for understanding more advanced topics.

Topic 9

Basic Malware Analysis: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and offers an introduction to identifying malicious software. It covers simple analysis methods for recognizing malware behavior and the importance of containment strategies in preventing widespread infection.

Topic 10

TLS Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and outlines the process of securing network communication through encryption. It highlights how TLS ensures data integrity and confidentiality, emphasizing certificate management and secure configurations.

Topic 11

This section of the exam measures skills of Network Engineers and explores the utility of widely used software for scanning, monitoring, and troubleshooting networks. It clarifies how these tools help in detecting intrusions and verifying security configurations.

Topic 12

Network Scanning & Fingerprinting: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers techniques for probing and analyzing network hosts to gather details about open ports, operating systems, and potential vulnerabilities. It emphasizes ethical and legal considerations when performing scans.

Topic 13

Social Engineering attacks: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and addresses the human element of security breaches. It describes common tactics used to manipulate users, emphasizes awareness training, and highlights how social engineering can bypass technical safeguards.

Topic 14

Network Discovery Protocols: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and examines how protocols like ARP, ICMP, and SNMP enable the detection and mapping of network devices. It underlines their importance in security assessments and network monitoring.

Topic 15

Network Security Tools and Frameworks (such as Nmap, Wireshark, etc)

Topic 16

Cryptography: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and focuses on basic encryption and decryption methods used to protect data in transit and at rest. It includes an overview of algorithms, key management, and the role of cryptography in maintaining data confidentiality.

Topic 17

Common vulnerabilities affecting Windows Services: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and focuses on frequently encountered weaknesses in core Windows components. It underscores the need to patch, configure, and monitor services to prevent privilege escalation and unauthorized use.

The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q31-Q36):

NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following files has the SUID permission set?
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 myfile
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 4896 Jan 1 08:00 myprogram
-rw-r--r-s 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 anotherfile

A. myprogram
B. anotherfile
C. All of the above
D. myfile

Answer: A

Explanation:
In Linux/Unix, file permissions are displayed in a 10-character string (e.g., -rwxr-xr-x), where the first character is the file type (- for regular files) and the next nine are permissions for user (owner), group, and others (rwx = read, write, execute). Special bits like SUID (Set User ID) modify execution behavior:
SUID: When set, a program runs with the owner's permissions (e.g., root) rather than the executor's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute position (replacing x if executable, or capitalized S if not).
Analysis:
-rwxr-sr-x (myfile): User: rwx, Group: r-s (SGID), Others: r-x. The s is in the group execute position, indicating SGID, not SUID.
-rwsr-xr-x (myprogram): User: rws (SUID), Group: r-x, Others: r-x. The s in the user execute position confirms SUID; owned by root, it runs as root.
-rw-r--r-s (anotherfile): User: rw-, Group: r--, Others: r-s. The s is in the others execute position, but no x exists, making it irrelevant (and not SUID). Typically, s here would be a sticky bit on directories, not files.
Security Implications: SUID binaries (e.g., /usr/bin/passwd) are common targets for privilege escalation if misconfigured (e.g., writable by non-root users). CNSP likely emphasizes auditing SUID permissions with find / -perm -u=s.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . myfile: Has SGID (s in group), not SUID.
C . anotherfile: The s doesn't indicate SUID; it's a misapplied bit without execute permission.
D . All of the above: Only myprogram has SUID.
Real-World Context: Exploiting SUID binaries is a classic Linux attack vector (e.g., CVE-2016-1247 for Nginx).

NEW QUESTION # 32
What is the response from an open UDP port which is not behind a firewall?

A. A SYN packet
B. ICMP message showing Port Unreachable
C. No response
D. A FIN packet

Answer: C

Explanation:
UDP's connectionless nature means it lacks inherent acknowledgment mechanisms, affecting its port response behavior.
Why B is correct: An open UDP port does not respond unless an application explicitly sends a reply. Without a firewall or application response, the sender receives no feedback, per CNSP scanning guidelines.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: ICMP Port Unreachable indicates a closed port, not an open one.
C: SYN packets are TCP-specific, not UDP.
D: FIN packets are also TCP-specific.

NEW QUESTION # 33
In the context of the SSH (Secure Shell) public-private key authentication mechanism, which key is uploaded to the server and which key is used by the end-user for authentication?

A. The public key is uploaded to the server and the private key is used by the end user for authentication.
B. The private key is uploaded to the server and the public key is used by the end user for authentication.

Answer: A

Explanation:
SSH (Secure Shell), per RFC 4251, uses asymmetric cryptography (e.g., RSA, ECDSA) for secure authentication:
Key Pair:
Public Key: Freely shareable, used to encrypt or verify.
Private Key: Secret, used to decrypt or sign.
Process:
User generates a key pair (e.g., ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096).
Public Key is uploaded to the server, appended to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys (e.g., via ssh-copy-id).
Private Key (e.g., ~/.ssh/id_rsa) stays on the user's machine.
Authentication: Client signs a challenge with the private key; server verifies it with the public key.
Technical Details:
Protocol: SSH-2 (RFC 4253) uses a Diffie-Hellman key exchange, then public-key auth.
Files: authorized_keys (server, 0644 perms), private key (client, 0600 perms).
Security: Private key exposure compromises all systems trusting the public key.
Security Implications: CNSP likely stresses key management (e.g., passphrases, rotation) and server-side authorized_keys hardening (e.g., PermitRootLogin no).
Why other options are incorrect:
B: Uploading the private key reverses the model, breaking security-anyone with the server's copy could authenticate as the user. Asymmetric crypto relies on the private key remaining secret.
Real-World Context: GitHub uses SSH public keys for repository access, with private keys on user devices.

NEW QUESTION # 34
What ports can be queried to perform a DNS zone transfer?

A. 53/TCP
B. 53/UDP
C. Both 1 and 2
D. None of the above

Answer: A

Explanation:
A DNS zone transfer involves replicating the DNS zone data (e.g., all records for a domain) from a primary to a secondary DNS server, requiring a reliable transport mechanism.
Why A is correct: DNS zone transfers use TCP port 53 because TCP ensures reliable, ordered delivery of data, which is critical for transferring large zone files. CNSP notes that TCP is the standard protocol for zone transfers (e.g., AXFR requests), as specified in RFC 5936.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . 53/UDP: UDP port 53 is used for standard DNS queries and responses due to its speed and lower overhead, but it is not suitable for zone transfers, which require reliability over speed.
C . Both 1 and 2: This is incorrect because zone transfers are exclusively TCP-based, not UDP-based.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as 53/TCP is the correct port for DNS zone transfers.

NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following statements regarding Authorization and Authentication is true?

A. Authentication includes the execution rules that determine what functionality and data the user can access. Authentication and Authorization are both the same thing.
B. Authorization is the process where requests to access a particular resource are granted or denied. Authentication is providing and validating the identity.
C. Authentication controls which processes a person can use and which files they can access, read, or modify. Authentication and authorization typically do not operate together, thus making it impossible to determine who is accessing the information.
D. Authentication is the process where requests to access a particular resource are granted or denied. Authorization is providing and validating identity.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Authentication and Authorization (often abbreviated as AuthN and AuthZ) are foundational pillars of access control in network security:
Authentication (AuthN): Verifies "who you are" by validating credentials against a trusted source. Examples include passwords, MFA (multi-factor authentication), certificates, or biometrics. It ensures the entity (user, device) is legitimate, typically via protocols like Kerberos or LDAP.
Authorization (AuthZ): Determines "what you can do" after authentication, enforcing policies on resource access (e.g., read/write permissions, API calls). It relies on mechanisms like Access Control Lists (ACLs), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), or Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC).
Option A correctly separates these roles:
Authorization governs access decisions (e.g., "Can user X read file Y?").
Authentication establishes identity (e.g., "Is this user X?").
In practice, these processes are sequential: AuthN precedes AuthZ. For example, logging into a VPN authenticates your identity (e.g., via username/password), then authorizes your access to specific subnets based on your role. CNSP likely stresses this distinction for designing secure systems, as conflating them risks privilege escalation or identity spoofing vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: Reverses the definitions-Authentication doesn't grant/deny access (that's AuthZ), and Authorization doesn't validate identity (that's AuthN). This mix-up could lead to flawed security models.
C: Falsely equates AuthN and AuthZ and attributes access rules to AuthN. They're distinct processes; treating them as identical undermines granular control (e.g., NIST SP 800-53 separates IA-2 for AuthN and AC-3 for AuthZ).
D: Misassigns access control to AuthN and claims they don't interoperate, which is false-they work together in every modern system (e.g., SSO with RBAC). This would render auditing impossible, contradicting security best practices.
Real-World Context: A web server (e.g., Apache) authenticates via HTTP Basic Auth, then authorizes via .htaccess rules-two separate steps.

NEW QUESTION # 36
......

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